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2024届高考英语一轮复习专题讲学案:专题03 形容词和副词(解析版)

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  【考纲解读】

  形容词和副词在高考试题中始终占很重要的地位。近几年高考对形容词和副词的考查具有“淡化语法、注重深层语义”的特点,以形容词和副词辨析为热点。同时继续加强对形容词和副词比较等级的考查。其考点主要包括:

  1.考查形容词和副词词义辨析。

  2.考查形容词修饰名词时的词序,即指示代词/不定代词+数词(序数词、基数词)+描绘性形容词+特征性形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)+颜色形容词+国籍、出处+物质、材料+用途、类别+中心名词。

  3.考查形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型及其修饰成分在句中的位置。

  4.考查与形容词和副词有关的习语结构。

  高考对形容词、副词的考查热点将仍然集中在对形容词、副词的词义辨析上,同时继续加强对形容词、副词比较等级的考查。

  【重点知识梳理】

  一、形容词和副词的基本用法

  1.形容词在句中的作用。

  (1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语和补语。

  (2)形容词在句中也可作状语,用来表示主语所处的状态。

  He was lying in bed,dead.

  (3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身体好)等常用作表语而不用作定语。如:

  He is an ill man.(错)

  The man is ill.(对)

  She is an afraid girl.(错)

  The girl is afraid.(对)

  (4)twoyearold/200metrelong/onethousandword等复合形容词中的名词要用单数,一般只用作前置定语。如:

  Tom is a twoyearold boy.

  2.副词在句中的作用。

  副词在句中一般用作状语,修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,也可修饰整个句子。如:

  Obviously you are wrong.

  二、常用连接性副词的用法

  1.though用作副词时,常在句末,意为“然而,可是”,表示转折意义。

  2.therefore“因此,所以”,表示结果。

  3.meanwhile“与此同时,在此期间”,表示前后分句的动作同时发生。

  4.moreover“另外”,表示承接关系。

  5.however“然而”,表示让步、转折,常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。

  6.besides“另外;还有”,表示递进关系。

  7.instead“相反”,表示前后分句意义相反。

  三、形容词、副词的比较级及最高级

  1.平级比较

  (1)as+形容词/副词原级+as像……一样

  (2)as+adj.+a/an+名词+as像……一样的……

  (3)as much+a/an+名词+as和……一样是……

  (4)not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as...不如……那样……

  ①Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is).

  =Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is).

  Henry和Peter一样都是好工人。

  ②It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

  人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。

  2.比较级

  (1)the+比较级...,the+比较级...越……,越……

  The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.

  你越仔细,你犯的错误越少。

  (2)the+比较级+of the two+名词,表示“两个中较……的”。

  The taller of the two boys is my brother.

  这两个男孩中较高的是我哥哥。

  3.比较级的修饰词

  常见的修饰词有much,a lot,a great deal,far,even,a bit, a little, any(否定句、疑问句中),具体的数据等。

  He is much taller than Yao Ming.

  他比姚明高多了。

  但是very/quite/fairly一般不用来修饰比较级;最高级常用by far/much或序数词作状语。如:

  The population of China is by far the largest in the world.

  Africa is the second largest continent.

  4.几种带有否定词的比较句型

  (1)no better than表示“和……一样;实际等于……”。例如:

  The patient is no better than he was yesterday.

  病人的情况和昨天一样(不好)。

  (2)no more...than表示“同……一样不”。例如:

  A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.

  鲸和马都不是鱼。

  (3)no less... than表示“和……一样;不逊于”。例如:

  The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the

  other arts.

  写作技巧和其他艺术技巧一样困难。

  5.比较级表达最高级含义

  (1)“否定词+比较级”有最高级的含义。

  Your story is perfect;I've never heard a better one before。

  你的故事太完美了,我从来没有听到比这更好听的故事。

  (2)比较级在以下几种句式中均表示最高级含义。

  比较级+than+any other+单数名词

  比较级+than+all the other+复数名词

  比较级+than+anyone else

  比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词

  比较级+than+the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词

  例如:朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)

  ①Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.

  ②Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.

  ③Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.

  ④Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.

  ⑤Julia is the tallest girl in her class.

  四、倍数表达法

  1.A is+倍数+比较级+than+B

  2.A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B

  3.A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height等)+of+B

  4.the+名词(size,length,height等)+of A is+倍数+that+of+B

  5.A

  is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句

  长江是珠江的三倍长。(一句多译)

  ①The Yangtze River is twice longer than the Pearl River.

  ②The Yangtze River is three times as long as the Pearl River.

  ③The Yangtze River is three times the length of the Pearl River.

  ④The length of the Yangtze River is three times that of the Pearl River.

  五、形容词作定语时的位置

  1.通常置于所修饰的词之前,但不定代词的定语通常在后面。如:

  Someone strange is asking to see you.

  Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.

  2.else常放在不定代词和疑问代词后面作定语。如:

  No one else can answer the question.

  3.多个形容词作定语时的词序为:大小、长短、高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/用途。如:

  an expensive Japanese sports car, those three beautiful large square old brown wood table.

  【高频考点突破】

  考点一、 考查形容词短语辨析

  例1.【2024·浙江】Listening is thus an active, not a

  , behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.

  A. considerate

  B. sensitive

  C. reliable

  D. passive

  【答案】D

  【解析】句意:因此听是一种主动的,而不是被动的行为。它包含听,理解和记忆。A. considerate意为考虑周全的, B. sensitive意为敏感的,C. reliable意为可靠的,D. passive意为被动的。根据not可以知道前后是反义表达,所以选D。此题的关键是有一个not这是表示否定的,这表明跟前面的active是反义的关系,根据4个选项的意思不能得出答案是 D. passive被动的。

  【变式探究】(2024安徽卷)My good performance in the job interview left me

  about my future and about what I can do here.

  A. puzzled

  B. sensitive

  C. optimistic

  D. embarrassed

  【答案】C

  考点二、考查副词辨析

  例2. 【2024·安徽】31.They gave money to the old people's home either ______ or through their companies.

  A. legally

  B. sincerely

  C. personally

  D. deliberately

  【答案】C

  【解析】句意:他们给那位老人的家里送钱,有的是一个人的名义,有的则是通过他们的公司。A合法地;B真诚地;C亲自,当面地,个人而言;D故意地。故选C。

  【变式探究】(2024安徽卷)It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and,

  ,supply more jobs.

  A. however

  B. anywhere

  C. therefore

  D. otherwise

  【答案】C 【解析】副词however然而;anywhere无论何处;therefore因此;otherwise否则,要不然;另外一方面;句义:在市场上起着更重要的作用是我们的希望,因此通过更多的工作。我们要想在市场上起着更重要的作用是通过提供更多的工作实现的。上下文之间是因果关系。故C正确。

  考点三、考查形容词比较级

  例3、【2024·四川】7.Andy is content with the toy. It is

  he has ever got.

  A. a better

  B. the better

  C. a best

  D. the best

  【答案】D

  【解析】考查最高级和比较级。根据上一句话可知,Andy对这个玩具很满意,故选择D,意为:这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。

  【变式探究】(2024·天津卷)I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are________

  meaningful things to do.

  A. less

  B.more

  C. the least

  D.

  the

  most

  解析:B。前面说看电视浪费时间,后面说还有比这更有意义的事要做,需用比较级。句意:我认为每天晚上看电视是在浪费时间——还有更多有意义的事情要做。

  考点四、考查形容词修饰名词的词序

  例4. It's said that________ scientist is going to give us a lecture.

  A. an American famous young

  B.a famous American young

  C.a famous young American

  D.a young famous American

  解析:C。多个形容词修饰名词时的词序:限定描绘大长高→形状年龄和新老→颜色国籍跟材料→作用类别往后靠。famous是描绘性形容词,应放在最前面,American指的是国籍,放在young之后。

  考点五、考查倍数的用法

  例5. The new bridge is ________the one built last year.

  A.three times as wider as

  B.three times the width of

  C.three times the width

  D.as three times as

  【经典考题精析】

  1.(2024·江苏,31)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and

  (comprehension)review of the case.

  解析 句意:警方决定对该案件进行彻底和全面的审查。作名词review的定语要用其形容词形式。comprehensive 综合的,广泛的。

  答案 comprehensive

  2.(2024·浙江,14)Listening is thus an active, not a

  (passively), behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.

  解析 句意:听是一种积极的,而不是消极的行为,它涉及听、理解和记忆。与前面的形容词active对应,也要用形容词形式,一起作名词behavior的定语。passive被动的,消极的。

  答案 passive

  3.(2024·湖北,27)Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be

  (punctually).

  解析 句意:尽管会议大厅距他的公寓很近,想准时赶到,他必须快一点。作系动词be的表语要用形容词形式。punctual准时的。

  答案 punctual

  4.(2024·湖北,28)I don't think what he said is

  (relevance)to the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.

  解析 句意:我认为他说的与我们正在讨论的主题无关。他跑题了。作系动词is的表语要用形容词形式。relevant有关的;贴切的。

  答案 relevant

  5.(2024·四川,7)Andy is content with the toy.It is the

  (good)he has ever got.

  解析 考查最高级和比较级。句意:Andy对这个玩具很满意,这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。根据句意应用最高级。

  答案 best

  6.(2024·四川,9)Little Tom sat

  (amaze)watching the monkey dancing in

  front of him.

  答案 amazed

  7.(2024·安徽,26)I'm so

  (gratitude)to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.

  解析 句意:我非常感激所有的志愿者,因为他们帮我把糟糕的一天变成了愉快的一天。be动词后跟形容词,be grateful to sb感激某人。

  答案 grateful

  8.(2024·福建,23)It was

  (consider)of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.

  解析 句意:为了避免我们担心,米切尔告知我们他耽搁了,他想得很周到。be动词后用形容词,considerate体贴的;考虑周到的。

  答案 considerate

  9.(2024·浙江,13)Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was

  (former)alive.

  解析 句意:如果我们知道一点食物来源的话,我们中的大多数人就会明白我们嘴里的每一口食物从前都是活着的。此处作时间状语,故要用副词形式。formerly以前,从前。

  答案 formerly

  10.(2024·湖北,29)The girl used to be shy, but is

  (gradual)getting active in

  group work and is more willing to express herself.

  解析 句意:女孩一度很害羞,但是逐渐地她在分组工作表现得积极主动,变得更愿意表达自己了。在句中作状语修饰动词短语get active要用副词形式。gradually逐渐地,逐步地。

  答案 gradually

  11.(2024·安徽,31)They gave money to the old people's home either

  (personal)or through their companies.

  解析 句意:他们给那位老人的家里送钱,有的是从个人的名义,有的则是通过他们的公司。修饰动词的应为personally。

  答案 personally

  1.(2024浙江卷 )4. Joe is proud and ______, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.

  A. strict

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